Associação entre hipertensão arterial materna e peso inferior a 3000g em nascimentos a termo / Association between maternal arterial hypertension and weight below 3000g in full-term births

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial na gestação preditor de baixo peso ao nascer. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre hipertensão arterial materna e o peso ao nascer inferior a 3.000g, entre indivíduos a termo. Método: Estudo tipo caso­controle, realizado em Juazeiro ­ Bahia e Petrolina ­ Pernambuco, entre 2009 e 2011. Calculou­se Odds Ratio e intervalos de confiança de 95% na análise de dados. Resultados: Gestantes com hipertensão tiveram 49% de chance a mais de ter filhos com peso inferior a 3.000g, quando comparadas às sem hipertensão arterial. Conclusão: A identificação precoce da hipertensão arterial na gestação evita danos desse agravo, especialmente baixo peso ao nascer.

Introduction: Hypertension in pregnancy predicting low birth weight. Objective: To investigate the association between maternal arterial hyper­tension and birth weight below 3,000g among full­term individuals. Method: Case­control study, carried out in Juazeiro ­ Bahia and Petrolina ­ Pernambuco, between 2009 and 2011. Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in data analysis. Results: Pregnant women with hypertension were 49% more likely to have children weighing less than 3,000g when compared to those wi­thout hypertension. Conclusion: The early identification of hypertension during pregnancy prevents damage from this disease, especially low birth weight.

Maternal anemia and birth weight: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between maternal anemia and low/insufficient birth weight. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of pregnant women who underwent prenatal care at the healthcare units in a municipality of northeast Brazil together with their newborn infants was carried out. The pregnant women were classified as having anemia when the hemoglobin level was below 11 g/dl. Infants who were born full term weighing less than 2500 grams were classified as low birth weight, and those weighing between 2500 and 2999 grams were classified as insufficient weight. The occurrence of maternal anemia and its association with birth weight was verified using crude and adjusted Relative Risk (RR) estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). RESULTS: The final sample was comprised of 622 women. Maternal anemia was considered a risk factor for low/insufficient birth weight, after adjusting the effect measurement for maternal age, family income, urinary infection, parity, alcoholic beverage consumption during pregnancy and gestational body mass index: RRadjusted = 1.38 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.77]. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal anemia was associated with low/insufficient birth weight, representing a risk factor for the gestational outcomes studied.

Incidência de internações hospitalares por insuficiência cardíaca em um município do Recôncavo da Bahia / Incidence of hospitalizations for heart failure in a municipality of Recôncavo da Bahia, Brazil / Incidencia de hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardiaca en un municipio del Recôncavo de Bahia, Brasil

Este artigo objetiva estimar a incidência de internações hospitalares por insuficiência cardíaca (IC) em residentes do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus (BA), entre os anos de 2008 e 2015. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e descritivo. Os dados foram coletados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), processados e sintetizados na forma de gráficos utilizando os programas TabWin456e e Microsoft Office Excel 2007. A incidência de internações hospitalares por insuficiência cardíaca foi analisada de acordo com ano, sexo e faixa etária. Foram observadas 1.633 internações por IC no período estudado. Houve um crescimento na incidência de internações, e o ano de 2015 foi o de maior número. No que remete às variáveis faixa etária e sexo, indivíduos com idade superior a 50 anos e homens apresentaram maior incidência do evento. A IC apresentou-se como de maior ocorrência entre as internações hospitalares quando referente a doenças do aparelho circulatório. O alto número de internações por IC observado no município durante o período estudado, além da incidência crescente, reforçam a necessidade de novos estudos a fim de se conhecer o perfil das pessoas internadas e a construção de políticas públicas de combate à IC.

This paper intends to estimate the incidence of hospital admissions due to heart failure (HF) in the population of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia (BA), Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. This is a quantitative and descriptive study which was carried out in Santo Antonio de Jesus, BA, Brazil. Data were derived from the Data-processing Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), treated and summarized graphically using TabWin456e and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The incidence of hospital admissions due to HF was stratified according to the year, sex and age. A total of 1633 hospitalizations were registered due to HF during that period. The incidence of hospital admissions increased and achieved its peak in 2015. Individuals aged over 50 and men presented a higher incidence of hospitalizations. HF is therefore responsible for most of the hospital admissions due to diseases in the circulatory system. The significant number of hospitalizations for HF observed in the city during this period, in addition to the increasing incidence of the condition, emphasize the need for further studies not only to know the profile of hospitalized patients, but also to guide public policies against HF.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo estimar la incidencia de hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) en residentes en el municipio de Santo Antônio de Jesus en Bahía, en el período de 2008 a 2015. Es un estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo, realizado en el municipio de Santo Antonio de Jesus, BA. Los datos se recolectaron en el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS), los procesaron y los sintetizaron en forma de gráficos utilizando los programas TabWin456e y Microsoft Office Excel 2007. La incidencia de hospitalizaciones por IC se analizó de acuerdo con año, sexo y el grupo de edad. Se observaron 1633 hospitalizaciones por IC en el período estudiado. Hubo un crecimiento en la incidencia de hospitalizaciones, y el año 2015 fue el de mayor número. Y en lo que remite a las variables grupo de edad y sexo, individuos con edad superior a 50 años y hombres presentaron mayor incidencia del evento. La IC presentó la mayor ocurrencia entre las hospitalizaciones referentes a las enfermedades del aparato circulatorio. El alto número de hospitalizaciones por IC observado en el municipio durante el período estudiado, además de la incidencia creciente, refuerza la necesidad de nuevos estudios a fin de conocer el perfil de las personas hospitalizadas y la construcción de políticas públicas de combate a la IC.

Severity of Periodontitis and Metabolic Syndrome: Is There an Association?

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Causal factors for MetS are not well defined or yet unidentified. Preliminary investigations suggest that infections and inflammation may be involved in the etiology of this syndrome. This study aims to estimate the association between the severity of periodontitis (exposure) and MetS (outcome). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 419 participants recruited from the Diabetes and Hypertensive Treatment Center, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. After administration of a questionnaire, general and oral clinical examination and laboratory tests were performed. Diagnosis of periodontitis and MetS was performed according to various criteria. The analysis of the effect of periodontitis on MetS used logistic regression analysis with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of periodontitis was found to be between 34.61% and 55.37%, depending on the classification definitions used, and the prevalence of MetS ranged from 60.86% to 67.06%. In the group with periodontitis, 14.08% had severe and 41.29% had moderate levels of periodontitis. There was an association between severe periodontitis and MetS after adjustment for sex, age, household density, alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking habit, and cardiovascular disease (odds ratio ORadjusted_6 = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.01 to 4.40, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that periodontitis is associated with MetS, and that MetS prevalence is related to severe periodontitis.

Does periodontal infection have an effect on severe asthma in adults?

BACKGROUND: The effect of periodontal infection on systemic diseases and conditions has been the subject of numerous studies worldwide. It is considered that periodontitis may influence the hyperinflammatory response in patients with severe asthma as a result of immuno-inflammatory changes. This study aims to evaluate the influence of periodontitis on severe asthma in adults. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out, comprising 220 adult individuals: 113 diagnosed with asthma (case group) and 107 without asthma diagnosis (control group). The diagnosis of periodontitis was established after a full clinical examination using probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. The diagnosis of severe asthma was based on the criteria recommended by the Global Initiative of Asthma (2012). Descriptive analyses of the variables were performed, followed by bivariate analyses, using the χ(2) test. Association measurements (odds ratio [OR]), with and without adjustment for potential confounders, were obtained. A significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS: The ORunadjusted for the main association was 4.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.47 to 7.75). In the logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, education level, osteoporosis, smoking habit, and body mass index, the ORadjusted was 4.82 (95% CI = 2.66 to 8.76), which was statistically significant. Individuals with periodontal infection showed, approximately, five times more likelihood to have bronchial inflammation than those without such periodontal tissue infection. CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate the influence of periodontitis on severe asthma, given that the frequency of periodontitis is higher in individuals with severe asthma than in those without a diagnosis of bronchial inflammation.

Respiratory disease and the role of oral bacteria.

The relationship between oral health and systemic conditions, including the association between poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, and respiratory disease, has been increasingly debated over recent decades. A considerable number of hypotheses have sought to explain the possible role of oral bacteria in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, and some clinical and epidemiological studies have found results favoring such an association. This review discusses the effect of oral bacteria on respiratory disease, briefly introduces the putative biological mechanisms involved, and the main factors that could contribute to this relationship. It also describes the role of oral care for individuals who are vulnerable to respiratory infections.